FRENCH VERBES CONJUGATE

नमस्कार

आज हम फ्रेंच verbs के बारे में चर्चा करते है. फ्रेंच वेर्ब्स कंजुगेशन सबसे महत्वपूर्ण है. lets cover the french infinitive verbs -present tense first. There are four categories of based on the verb root endings.

1. -ER ending
2. -IR ending
3. -RE ending
4. -OIR ending

-ER ending words are most numerous around 90% of the total verbs. They are the most dynamic verbs and almost all new verbs take an -ER ending.These -ER verbs are conjugated as:

PERSON	SINGULIER	PLURIEL
I	je -E	nous -ONS
II	tu -ES	vous -EZ
III	il/elle/on -E	ils/elles -ENT

-RE,-OIR,-IR ending words can be conjugated in several different ways
For the -RE ending words there are two conjugation endings
a) S-endings

PERSON	SINGULIER	PLURIEL
I	je -S	nous -ONS
II	tu -S	vous -EZ
III	il/elle/on -T	ils/elles -ENT

b) E-endings ( same conjugation as for ER verbs)

PERSON	SINGULIER	PLURIEL
I	je -E	nous -ONS
II	tu -ES	vous -EZ
III	il/elle/on -E	ils/elles -ENT

Many of the verbs use two-different stems one for singulars and plurals. some use three stems one for Singulars, one for first and second person plurals and third for the third person plural.

2 STEMS 
partir (to leave)

PERSON	SINGULIER	PLURIEL
I	je par-S	nous parT-ONS
II	tu par-S	vous parT-EZ
III	il/elle/on par-E	ils/elles parT-ENT

3 STEMS
boire(to drink)

PERSON	SINGULIER	PLURIEL
I	je boi-S	nous buv-ONS
II	tu boi-S	vous buv-EZ
III	il/elle/on boi-T	ils/elles boiv-ENT

Some verbs have extended stems by adding -i to singulars and -iss to plurals

PERSON	SINGULIER	PLURIEL
I	je fin-I-S	nous fin-ISS-ONS
II	tu fin-I-S	vous fin-ISS-EZ
III	il/elle/on fin-I-T	ils/elles fin-ISS-ENT

OVERALL SITUATION

Verb endings	-oir verbs	-re verbs	-ir verbs
S-ending(1,2,3 stems)	39	249	72
E-ending	0	0	16
Extended S-ending	0	2	308

Thus:

With two exceptions, -oir and -re verbs only use the basic -s endings. For the large majority of these verbs the stem is non-uniform.
Approximately 80 percent of -ir verbs use extended -s endings. Of the others, most use (basic) -s endings, while a relatively small number use -e endings.

The traditional breakdown of French verbs is as follows:
Class I         -er verbs other than aller (5,755)
Class II        verbs with extended -s endings (310)
Class III       all other verbs
(1) -s endings (360)
(2) -ir verbs with -e endings (16)
(3) être, avoir, aller (3)
être - to be

PERSON	SINGULIER	PLURIEL
I	je suis	nous sommes
II	tu es	vous êtes
III	il/elle/on est	ils/elles sont

avoir - to have

PERSON	SINGULIER	PLURIEL
I	je ai	nous avons
II	tu as	vous avez
III	il/elle/on a	ils/elles ont

aller - to go

PERSON	SINGULIER	PLURIEL
I	je vais	nous allons
II	tu vas	vous allez
III	il/elle/on va	ils/elles vont

	Prendre - to take	comprendre - to understand	apprendre-to learn
I S	Prends	Comprends	Apprends
II S	prends	comprends	apprends
III S	prend	comprend	apprend
I P	prenons	comprenons	apprenons
II P	Prenez	comprenez	apprenez
III P	prennent	comprennent	apprennent

	Dormir - to sleep	Partir - to leave	Sortir - to exit, go out	Servir - to servir	Sentir - to smell, feel	mentir - to lie
I S	dors	pars	sors	sers	sens	mens
II S	dors	pars	sors	sers	sens	mens
III S	dort	part	sort	sert	sent	mens
I P	dormons	partons	sortons	sertons	sentons	mentons
II P	dormez	partez	sortez	sertez	sentez	mentez
III P	dorment	partent	sortent	sertent	sentent	mentent

	Vouloir - to want(voo-lwar)	Pouvoir - to be able to(poo-vwar)
I S	veux(vuh)	peux(puh)
II S	veux(vuh)	peux(puh)
III S	veut(vuh)	peut(puh)
I P	voulons (voo-lohn)	pouvons(poo-vohn)
II P	voulez (voo-lay)	pouvez(poo-vay)
III P	veulent (vuhl)	peuvent(puhv)

Descendre - to get down, get off

PERSON	SINGULIER	PLURIEL
I	je descends	nous descendons
II	tu descends	vous descendez
III	il descend	ils descendent

Vendre - to sell

PERSON	SINGULIER	PLURIEL
I	je vends	nous vendons
II	tu vends	vous vendez
III	il vend	ils vendent

French Prepositions

Des petits mots qui signifient beaucoup

TO = à
AT = à
used before proper nouns.

"à" with definite articles
à + la = à + la
à + le = AU
à + les = AUX
à + l' = à + l'

FROM = de
OF = de
ABOUT = de

"de" with definite articles
de + le = DU
de + les = DES
de + la = de la
de + l' = de l'

Pour - To,For
Par - BY/PER
Alors - Then
Ou - or
Et - and
Donc - therefore

Dans = in Le garcon est dans la maison
Sur = on le chat est sur la chaise.
Sous = under le chien est sous la table.
loin de = far from la sourie est loin du chat.
pres de = near from la sourie est pres du poisson.
à gouche = left le refrigerateur est à gouche de la table.
à droite = right le chaise est à droite de la table.
à cote = next to la table est à cote du refrigerateur.
devant = in front of la diner du chien est devant la chaise.
derriere = behind la chien est derriere la chaise.

Cette = This, That Ci = Here
Ce = This, That La = There
Cet = This, That La = There
Ces = These, Those La = There

Cette fille-ci = This girl here
Ces filles-ci = These girls here
Ce garcon-ci = This boy here
Ces garcon-ci = These boys here
Cet etudient-ci = This Student here

Cette etudient-la = That student there
ce garcon-la = That boy there
Ces etudient-la = Those students there
ces filles-la = those girls there

French Interrogation

Interrogation Adverbs

• What - Que, qu'
• Where - Où
• Why - Pourquoi
• When - Quand
• Who - Qui
• How - Comment
• How much - Combien
• How many - Combien

Question Formats

1. Raise the voice --> Ils arrivent de a paris?
   
2. Attach "Est-ce que" (es que) in front of the sentence for a Yes-No Answer --> Est-ce qu'ils arrivent de a paris?
   
3. Inverse subject verb to verb-subject? --> vous pouvez => pouvez-vous
   
4. If the first letter of subject and last letter of verb are vowels, attach a -t- in between --> arrive-T-il? mange-t-il?
   
5. Interrogative adverb + est-ce que(qu') + Subject + Verb? --> Quand est-ce qu'ils arrivent? -->Où est-ce que tu arrives? --> Qu'est-ce qu'il y a? -->Pourquoi est-ce qu'il mange le croissant? --> combien d'argent? --> combien de filles?
   
6. INVERSION --> Interrogative adverb + verb-Subject? --> Où habite-t-elle? Quand arrives-tu?
7. Inversion of "il y a ..." = Y a-t-il ....? N'y a-t-il pas ...? --> Y a-t-il encore une chambre?
   
8. Use of est-ce que with "il y a ..." --> est-ce qu'il y a des chambres?
   

When Combien is followed by a noun directly, the noun is preceded by De or d'.
Combien d'argent?
Combien de filles?

There is/There are = Il y a ....
There is not/There are not = Il n'y a pas ...
Is there ... = y a-t-il ....?
Isn't there... = n'y a-t-il pas ...?
encore = still

French Verbs

The structure of French verbs is not difficult to comprehend for a native English speaker, since most of the forms parallel or are very close in meaning to those employed in English. One seeming major difference is that French employs two “moods”: the indicative and the subjunctive. The mood of the verb does not refer (at least directly) to the mood of the speaker but rather to the type of statement that he or she is making. The indicative can be thought of as the “normal” verb mood (or mode), while the subjunctive is used in a number of special circumstances— in connection with orders, desires, uncertainty, etc. Contrary to what many might think, the subjunctive also exists in English, though its existence generally passes unnoticed, since subjunctive and indicative verb forms in Modern English are almost always the same. But a sentence like :

I insist that he be punished

provides an illustration that there is at times a difference between the two. In addition to the indicative and subjunctive, there is a third verbal “mood” in both French and English— the imperative (e.g., “Go!” “Run!”). For any English verb there are essentially only ?ve “simple” forms:

infinitive present past past participle present participle

(to) write write(s) wrote written writing

All other verb forms are compound ones created from the simple ones by using various auxiliaries or “helping” verbs (e.g., I was writing, I will write, I would have written).

For French, there are eleven simple verb forms— the ?ve English ones, plus:

indicative subjunctive imperative

imperfect future conditional present imperfect present

French verbs can be divided into four groups according to the endings of their infinitives:

1. -er verbs parler “to speak”

2. -oir verbs recevoir “to receive”

3. -re verbs répondre “to respond”

4. -ir verbs finir “to finish”

The -er verbs are by far the most numerous, The -er verbs are also the most dynamic, in the sense that “new” verbs virtually without exception take this ending.

In French, as in most languages, a “Murphy’s law of verbs” seems to hold:

1. Regular verbs are infrequently used.

2. Frequently used verbs are irregular.

but with one important advantage: a very large number of (seemingly) irregular verbs follow easily understood and readily remembered patterns. This applies in particular to virtually all of the nearly 800 “irregular”-er verbs: only two do not follow precise patterns throughout their conjugations.

The contrasting pronunciations of parte and part illustrate that the final -e (unless it has a written accent) and most final consonants are not pronounced. Word final -e thus serves generally only as a marker that the preceding consonant is pronounced. A common example of this is the feminine form of nouns and adjectives— e.g., verte (“green”, feminine) pronounced [vert], vert (masculine) pronounced [ver].

There are in fact ?ve other types of “E” with which we will not be directly concerned, exempli?ed by the vowe e ls ?n the following words— le, peu, peur, plein, un— and represented symbolically (IPA) by ∍, ø, œ, e ˚ , œ. ~

An open syllable is one in which the vowel is the last (spoken) element— e.g., all three syllables in avocat: [a•vo•ca] A closed syllable is one in which the ?nal (spoken) element is a consonant— e.g., the ?rst syllables in both parler and taxer: [par•lÉ] [tak•sÉ]

Reference -